spreadability test procedure
A., Abraham C. J., Rodriguez A., et al. government site. Physicochemical and sensory evaluations of moisturising Good for nurses, bodywork people and any lay person that wants to benefit family and friends. Since extrusion requires that the food flow under pressure, it seems reasonable to use it on food that will flow fairly readily under an applied force and not to use it on those foods that do not flow easily, such as bread, cake, cookies, breakfast cereals, and candy. testing When the water and oil phase were at the same temperature, the aqueous phase was slowly added to the oil phase with moderate agitation and was kept stirred until the temperature dropped to 40C. These ndings can be used to develop a test for spreadability for metal powders that can be used for additive manufacturing, The antibacterial activity of all selected drug-loaded formulations was tested against E. coli using the above-described agar well diffusion assay for 12 weeks (measurements were made on day 1, week 3, week 6, week 9, and week 12). The antibacterial activity of all formulations was maintained for 12 weeks in both containers and at both temperatures. The cream formulation contained oily components, which are immiscible with water and may slow down the diffusion of the drugs from the cream base. Gentamicin 10g standard discs were used as a control to ensure that the agar medium was appropriate to support the growth of the microorganism beyond the zone of inhibition. G1 and G2 were formulated using carrageenan. Careers, Unable to load your collection due to an error. There are generally two types of extrusion test in texture analysis: backward (or back) and forward. The gentamicin standard disc was placed and pressed gently onto the same inoculated agar plate by using sterile forceps. Accessibility In this study, we demonstrated a method for quantitative 2022 Jun;304:102679. doi: 10.1016/j.cis.2022.102679. The prepared formulation was subjected to physical characterization and physical-chemistry assessment. This instrument is commonly used to take physical measurements because it is Benefits are wide spread for many conditions Holistic pulsing is a simple technique that has many benefits for a wide variety of problems. The antimicrobial properties of zinc sulfate and copper sulfate are well known and have been investigated for many years. 2016 Feb;38(1):100-8. doi: 10.1111/ics.12242. Metal ion reactions with the ingredients in the formulations can affect the quality, efficacy, consumer appeal, and shelf-life of formulations. solid or viscoelastic materials. work of extrusion, cohesion. o), yield stress ( Items tagged * are Community Registered Designs. Animal activity was performed to confirm the antifungal effect of the formulated nano-conjugate. (4,5) Extensive studies have been completed for the yield stress analysis of semi-solid foods that can be extended to semi-solid pharmaceutical formulations (4,68). Eighteen different gels were formulated in this study, from which G1 and G5 were selected as optimal formulations for further evaluation. Before Consequently, attention has been devoted to safe, new, and/or alternative antimicrobial materials in the field of antimicrobial chemotherapy. Kneist W., Hempel B., Borelli S. Clinical double-blind trial of topical zinc sulfate for herpes labialis recidivans. Adequate amount of sample is taken between two glass slides and a weight of 100gm is applied on the slides for 5 minutes. Web4 1 Emulsion Formation, Stability, and Rheology 1.1.5 Flocculation This process refers to aggregation of the droplets (without any change in primary droplet size) into larger units. This plot shows that all of formulations are pseudoplastic (viscosity decreases with increasing shear). Cetyl alcohol, stearic acid, stearyl alcohol, and isopropyl myristate were obtained from Sherman Research Labs (Toledo, OH). HHS Vulnerability Disclosure, Help Samples containing 2% active ingredients had a similar antibacterial activity to that of the control, while the samples containing 3% active ingredients had statistically significantly higher activity against both microorganisms. All products had a pseudoplastic behavior, as expected. We propose a simple technique for assessing the powder spreadability, a measure of the ease with which a powder is spread uniformly without the formation of empty patches. In these cases an extrusion test can simulate many real-life situations such as the forces required to dispense/extrude ketchup from its container or toothpaste from its tube. The vane method is a useful technique to assess the spreadability of topical formulations and to assess structural differences (Q3) among formulations that are Q1 and Q2 equivalent. This study examined twenty-four powders in a spreadability test that measures the mass of powder in a layer of known nominal dimensions. Conclusions. The values refer to the extent to which the formulations readily spread on the application surface by applying a small amount of shear. ()-Carrageenan was purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO). The oil phase was prepared by melting the waxes at 75C and mixing the ingredients uniformly. Formulations C5C20 suffered from such issues; therefore, they were discontinued from further characterization. Items with codes prefixed 'HDP/' must be used with the HDP/90 Heavy Duty Platform. government site. A. Topical zinc sulphate solution for treatment of viral warts. 2) at a shear rate of 10s1. Gulshan K., Moye-Rowley W. S. Multidrug resistance in fungi. Gentamicin 10g standard disc was used as the control in the study. The blank formulation did not contain any active ingredients or any preservative. WebThe spreadability of a powder is a highly relevant characteristic in the PBF and binder jetting processes, due to their reliance on a thin spread layer of powder. Would you like email updates of new search results? The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the Predicting lipstick sensory properties with laboratory tests Specifically, the spreadability is inversely proportional to . Webdevelopment of a spreadability testing rig that emulates the recoating conditions present in PBF AM systems. Dzuy N. Q., Boger D. V. Yield stress measurement for concentrated suspensions. As discussed in the introduction, incorporating metal salts into emulsions and gels can be a challenging task for formulators due to the high reactivity of these salts. 2020 The Authors. Formulations C1C4 were formulated with the same ingredients, but with varied concentrations of the emulsifiers and thickeners. Inclusion in an NLM database does not imply endorsement of, or agreement with, Bioequivalence of topical dermatological dosage forms-methods of evaluation of bioequivalence. Zeelie J. J., McCarthy T. J. The first test method is used to rate the surface roughness of the top spread powder layer. It comprises of a male 90 cone probe and five precisely matched female perspex cone shaped product holders. Epub 2015 Jun 26. van der Vries E., Stelma F. F., Boucher C. A. Spreadability Testing of Powder for Additive Manufacturing 1 Introduction. Other probes/fixtures and accessories are available to accommodate many specialist needs, or can be designed and manufactured to a specific customer brief. official website and that any information you provide is encrypted Based on this, the acceptable equivalence ranges are between 3.86104 and 5.79104N m for yield stress and between 51.5 and 77.3N/m2 for viscosity. Gyawali R., Ibrahim S. A. Synergistic effect of copper and lactic acid against Salmonella and Escherichia coli O157: H7: a review. Spreadability | definition of spreadability by Medical dictionary FORMULATION & EVALAUTION OF MULTIPURPOSE CREAM AGCOP,SATARA Page 7 MATERIAL AND METHODS:5,6 Table 2: Plants used for preparation of herbal cream. Amended final report on the safety assessment of glyceryl dilaurate, glyceryl diarachidate, glyceryl dibehenate, glyceryl dierucate, glyceryl dihydroxystearate, glyceryl diisopalmitate, glyceryl diisostearate, glyceryl dilinoleate, glyceryl dimyristate, glyceryl dioleate, glyceryl diricinoleate, glyceryl dipalmitate, glyceryl dipalmitoleate, glyceryl distearate, glyceryl palmitate lactate, glyceryl stearate citrate, glyceryl stearate lactate, and glyceryl stearate succinate. Physicochemical evaluation of selected topical formulations. is that it is easy and fast to learn. The vane method (Fig. What is nice about the technique WebMeasure Spreadability | Texture Analyser Test How to Measure Spreadability SPREADABILITY is the ease with which a product can be spread. The necessity for developing new antimicrobial means has increased significantly due to growing concerns regarding multidrug-resistant bacterial, viral, and fungal strains [14]. Level the surface using a flat knife. Antimicrobial activity of one of the selected gels (G5) during the stability testing compared to the control (gentamicin) against Escherichia coli (n = 3, results shown as mean SD). The rheological vane method experiments were carried out on a Brookfield RV DV III + Digital Rheometer using a vane spindle attachment. Test Zinc sulfate and copper sulfate had a strong synergistic antibacterial activity in the creams and gels. WebThe lipsticks were tested for sensory perceptions of spreadability, stickiness, opacity and gloss with a nine-person panel. Please note this website uses cookies to give you the best experience. This indicated that the antibacterial activity of copper sulfate and zinc sulfate increased against E. coli and S. aureus as the concentration of the actives was increased. sharing sensitive information, make sure youre on a federal The size of the orifice or grid selected is dependent upon the product being measured and the textural property of interest. The consistency of the formulations and presence of coarse particles were used to evaluate the texture and homogeneity of the formulations. 2011 Jun;33(3):245-50. doi: 10.1111/j.1468-2494.2010.00621.x. breakage of any gel structure during decanting is almost inevitable. A cream and two gels were found to be optimal for our purpose, and these were selected for further evaluation based on their physical properties, in vitro antibacterial activity, and product stability. This is certainly acceptable so long as you always test within the same size container, in order to make a comparison. 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All Right Reserved. 3) To evaluate formulated product by using different tests like, pH, Spreadability,extrudability,etc. Copyright 2023 Elsevier B.V. or its licensors or contributors. o) and viscosity () from flow curves and vane method (mean1SD; n=3). The stability study indicated that both gels and the cream were able to maintain their integrity for 12 weeks without showing signs of instability. JUST IN: President Buhari To Present 2022 Budget To Nigeria@61: Kate Henshaw, Sijibomi, Tony Nwulu, Others Share Thoughts I CAN NEVER INSULT ASIWAJU, HE IS MY FATHER How Heineken Partnership with Formula 1 Unleashes Fresh Consumer Experiences at the CNN Regional Editor, Gbenga Daniel, others, Grace Launch of Shades of Beauty Brandcomfest, Brandcom Awards Hold at DPodium, Ikeja. and transmitted securely. Immediate skin feel (including stiffness, grittiness, and greasiness) was also evaluated. Careers, Unable to load your collection due to an error. The quantitative analysis of spreadability, coverage A visual representation of these results for C1 can be found in Figure 4. From the twenty different creams formulated, C1 was selected as the final formulation for further testing. The maximum torque, yield stress (spreadability), and viscosity values of the four formulations are shown in TableI. This procedure was repeated three times; (Tukey's post hoc test). Ren G., Hu D., Cheng E. W. C., Vargas-Reus M. A., Reip P., Allaker R. P. Characterisation of copper oxide nanoparticles for antimicrobial applications. Shah V. P., Flynn G. L., Yacobi A., et al. Despite the methods described above, flowability is considered as a primary factor in the evaluation of the powders ability to be conveyed through the different parts of the system (hopper, feeder, conveying pipes). Zarrab Z., Zanardelli M., Pietrzak A., et al. 2018 Society of Cosmetic Scientists and the Socit Franaise de Cosmtologie. Even trace amounts of metal ions are able to catalyze oxidation reactions in fatty compounds in products, leading to deterioration including odor formation, color change, and physical and/or chemical instability [31]. In powder bed additive manufacturing, the formation of thin layers is critical. The authors would like to thank the various suppliers for providing samples of ingredients used in the study. The spindle was rotated at 0, 0.5, 1, 2, 2.5, 4, 5, 10, 20, 50, and 100rpm values. All content on this website, including dictionary, thesaurus, literature, geography, and other reference data is for informational purposes only.
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spreadability test procedure
